Meso-Scale Urban Form Elements for Bus Transit-Oriented Development: Evidence from Seoul, Republic of Korea

Bus Transit Oriented Development— Strengths and Challenges Relative to Rail

While rail has been the focus of most planning for Transit Oriented Development (TOD), there has been recent interest in bus-related TOD with an emphasis on new bus rapid transit (BRT) systems in North and South America and Australia. This article takes a critical look at the strengths and challenges of bus-based transit systems compared to rail in relation to TOD. It includes a review of the l...

The Influence of Urban Form, Socio-Demographics, And Transit-Oriented Development on Journey-to-Work Characteristics

Contemporery Urban Development and Sustainable Urban Form

Sustainable settlement is one of the key constituents of sustainable development, and sustainable urban development can be defined in this framework. Emergence of sustainable development as a commonly-used phrase has caused several controversies about urban forms. Today’s urban form is known as a source of environmental problems. Undoubtedly, this phrase has persuaded many of researchers to sea...

Seoul Korea

Now robot assisted laparoscopy has some problem to depend only on image of the surgical field. However, there is a research result which shows that it is possible to measure the operation force on commercialized instrument inside patient without sensors [1]. By using measured information, haptic technique can be implemented into surgical robot system. Therefore, this paper proposes the design o...

Demand-oriented timetable design for urban rail transit under stochastic demand

In the context of public transportation system, improving the service quality and robustness through minimizing the average passengers waiting time is a real challenge. This study provides robust stochastic programming models for train timetabling problem in urban rail transit systems. The objective is minimization of the weighted summation of the expected cost of passenger waiting time, its va...